Laboratory tests that involve the growing of bacteria or other microorganisms to aid in diagnosis. Specific treatment for sinusitis will be determined by your child's health care provider based on:.
Antibiotics, as determined by your child's physician antibiotics are usually given for at least 14 days. Antibiotics may not be given for the first 10 to 14 days, unless severe symptoms develop, such as: fever, facial pain or tenderness, or swelling around the eye. Surgery should be considered only if other treatments have failed.
Our pediatric otolaryngologists are committed to providing compassionate and comprehensive care for children with ear, nose, and throat conditions. As part of the Johns Hopkins Children's Center, you have access to all the specialized resources of a children's hospital. Your child will also benefit from experts who use advanced techniques to treat both common and rare conditions. Health Home Conditions and Diseases.
There are four different types of sinuses: Ethmoid sinus. How the Sinuses Work A basic knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the nose and sinuses is necessary to understand nasal and sinus disorders. What is sinusitis?
There are four types of sinusitis: Acute. Recurrent acute. Four or more episodes of acute sinusitis a year. What causes sinusitis? There are other possible conditions that can block the normal flow of secretions out of the sinuses and can lead to sinusitis including the following: Abnormalities in the structure of the nose Infections from a tooth Trauma to the nose Foreign objects stuck in the nose Cleft palate Gastroesophageal reflux disease GERD When the flow of secretions from the sinuses is blocked, bacteria may begin to grow.
The most common bacteria that cause acute sinusitis include the following: Streptococcus pneumonia Haemophilus influenzae Moraxella catarrhalis Treatment for chronic sinusitis must be aimed at different bacteria, such as pseudomonas gram-negative rods , because there are more often the culprit.
What are the symptoms of sinusitis? How is sinusitis diagnosed? These may include: Sinus X-rays. Your doctor may perform this procedure: If treatment for sinusitis has been effective If surgery is needed If your child has experienced any complications due to sinusitis Cultures from the sinuses. What is the treatment for sinusitis? Antihistamines do not help the symptoms of sinusitis unless it is caused by an allergy.
Johns Hopkins Pediatric Otolaryngology Our pediatric otolaryngologists are committed to providing compassionate and comprehensive care for children with ear, nose, and throat conditions. This sinus is located deep in the face, behind the nose. It does not typically develop until the teen years. The throat is a ring-like muscular tube.
It is the passageway for air, food, and liquid. It also helps in forming speech. The throat is made up of:. Voice box larynx. The larynx is a cylindrical grouping of cartilage, muscles, and soft tissue that contains the vocal cords. The vocal cords are the upper opening into the windpipe trachea , the passageway to the lungs. This illustration of the human face shows the location of the paranasal sinuses, which are air-filled areas that surround the nasal cavity.
The frontal sinuses are located above the eyebrows. The ethmoid sinuses are small and located on the bridge of the nose, between the eyes. Your sinuses can become infected by bacteria, a virus, or both. Infections of the maxillary sinuses are most common. Diagram of sinus infection. Symptoms of sinusitis Symptoms of a sinus infection are similar to those of a cold: Depending on which sinuses are infected, you may feel pain or pressure in your forehead, cheeks, ears, or teeth.
You may have thick, sticky mucus coming from your nose. Your mucus may be cloudy, or have a greenish-yellow color. Mucus may drip down the back of your throat postnasal drip , giving you a sore throat and cough. Your nose may be stuffed , restricting your breathing.
Your face may feel tender, especially around the eyes. Other symptoms include: hoarseness fever fatigue bad breath decreased sense of smell and taste. Chronic sinus infections. Chronic sinusitis is one of the most common chronic conditions. Factors involved with chronic sinusitis include: viral or bacterial infections fungal infections hay fever or allergies to dust mites, molds, and so on frequent exposure to cigarette smoke or other airborne pollutants nasal polyps , a deviated septum, or a damaged nasal structure medical conditions such as asthma , HIV , or cystic fibrosis aspirin sensitivity respiratory tract infections.
What you can do if you have sinusitis. Acute sinusitis care tips Try moist heat or steam. Inhale for about 2 minutes. Create an enclosed space for the moist, warm air to collect by draping a towel over your head as you lean over the bowl. Other tips to manage symptoms: Take over-the-counter OTC pain medication to ease headaches. Try OTC drugs such as guaifenesin Mucinex that thins your mucus, which can help to pass the mucus and lessen congestion.
Some OTC drugs may thicken your mucus and make it harder to drain. These include: diphenhydramine Benadryl loratadine Claritin cetirizine Zyrtec Talk with a doctor about corticosteroids. Keeping sinuses healthy. You can take some steps to help keep your sinuses healthy and avoid sinusitis: Keep your hands clean. Maintain moisture in your nose and sinuses. Drink plenty of fluids to keep your mucus thin. Use a humidifier in the winter season, when the air tends to be drier.
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